Charts and visualisations about science.
Most abundant elements in Earth's crust ranked by percentage of mass. Oxygen is by far the most plentiful element.
The Mohs hardness scale ranking 10 reference minerals from softest to hardest.
The densest elements ranked by density at room temperature. Osmium leads at 22.59 g/cm³ — nearly twice as dense as lead — followed closely by iridium, platinum, and rhenium.
The largest known stars in the Milky Way galaxy, ranked by solar radius (R☉). VY Canis Majoris, VX Sagittarii, and other red supergiants dwarf our Sun by over 1,000 times.
The 24 brightest stars as seen from Earth, ranked by apparent magnitude. Sirius dominates at magnitude -1.46, shining nearly 4 times brighter than Vega. Six stars shine brighter than magnitude 0, visible even from city skies.
The 15 most massive black holes ever discovered, ranked by mass in billions of solar masses. Phoenix A leads at ~100 billion solar masses, followed by IC 1101 at ~97.7 billion and TON 618 at 40.7 billion.
Ganymede is the solar system's largest moon at 5,268 km across, bigger than the planet Mercury. Jupiter hosts 3 of the 4 biggest moons, while our own Moon ranks 5th at 3,476 km.